David>And they're not done, because they're not cheap to do; there's always some cost in going the extra step, and I think there's a valid question here about whether it's worth it. A char count on a recent representative novel I did had 11,000+ straights in it, so truly checking all this stuff is not trivial. This compares to 6,500+ scannos corrected in that novel. There are bad algorithms for changing straights to curlies, and good algorithms for changing straights to curlies, but there are not infallible algorithms, which means you're going to have to re-check every quote mark and apostrophe. [This assumes that one is using the typical OCR which returns straights] And again there are lots of reader devices out there which are hard-wired to fonts which have really ugly implementations of curlies. And I have yet to see a hardware device which allows one to "turn off" curlies once they're in there. Still, there are books out there that really *do* need to be done in curlies. "The apostrophe is different from the closing single quotation mark (usually rendered identically but serving a different purpose), from the similar-looking prime ( ′ ), which is used to indicate measurement in feet or arcminutes, as well as for various mathematical purposes, and from the ʻokina ( ʻ ), which represents a glottal stop in Polynesian languages" "Sometimes quotations are nested in more levels than inner and outer quotation. Nesting levels up to five can be found in the Christian Bible. In these cases, questions arise about the form (and names) of the quotation marks to be used. The most common way is to simply alternate between the two forms...."