roger's right. so is keith. but i am walking a slightly different tight-rope, in that i'm working the elementary-school level, where i'm explaining these concepts to "a novice" and providing actual working code in a language in which i've never ever programmed before now. so there are plenty of more-complicated niceties which are being glossed over at the present time. in spite of that fact, i'm showing how you can take some very crude code and nevertheless do the job of digitization, from raw o.c.r. to polished e-book. because there are people in power over at d.p. who continue to tell their volunteers "it cannot be done", even though both roger and i have proven _it_can_. it is resolutely immoral how much time and energy -- donated by those kind volunteers in good faith -- is being _wasted_ by leaders who are lying to them... -bowerbird